A Summary Of The US Monetary Policy Peering Into 2018

US Monetary Policy: Peering Into 2018 The fast approaching US Christmas shopping season is always a convenient juncture to review the baseline outlook for the economy and, therefore, monetary policy over the next year. Meanwhile, Congress appears to be busy formulating tax reform proposals that will ultimately be resolved by a Conference Compromise Agreement. President Trump appears keen to get tax reform passed by the end of 2017. Consequently, incoming Fed Chairman Powell may be forced to forge an appropriate monetary offset in 2018. US economic activity accelerated during 2017, partly due to a recovery in oil prices that helped to spur higher capital spending. Crucially, faster underlying growth has pushed the economy into above-trend†¦show more content†¦Should the economy fail to decelerate as supply constraints continue to mount, then ensuing rate rises will become front-end loaded than currently expected in financial markets. Fed Policy: Limited Recent Experience of Life at Full Employment Arguably, we are entering an environment where most policymakers and commentators have limited experience of an economy operating at full employment for a protracted period. Despite its critics, the Phillips Curve remains an integral part of the Fed’s econometric model of the US model. The decline in inflation, notably since 1995, has contributed to an increased incidence of flattening in the curve. Moreover, the compressing of the curve has persuaded some commentators to claim that the Phillips Curve has effectively been rendered useless as a policy guide. Their contention is that supply constraints in the labour market, as testified by low unemployment, no longer need to be heeded. The last time the US economy endured a protracted period of growth whilst at full employment was during the late-1960s. Unemployment dipped below 4% in February 1966 and remained in this territory for four years. Although the economy continued to expand, inflation accelerated from 1.9% to 6.2% at the end of 1969. Thus, the combination of full employment and continued economic growth eventually produced higher inflation, something which the FOMC was slow to respond to with

Essay On Phoenix Jackson - 821 Words

Phoenix Jackson The story â€Å"A Worn Path,† by Eudora Welty tells the story of a woman named Phoenix Jackson, who lives in Natchez Mississippi. Phoenix has a grandson that she cares for that has swallowed a chemical called lye, that was used in many households back when this story was written. Lye poisoning was common in a lot of rural areas. Welty is writing about this problem the hardship Phoenix Jackson had to go through to get medical treatment at that time. Without the name Phoenix Jackson and the characteristics, she possesses there is no way she could have overcome the obstacles that stood in her way. With the first name of Phoenix, Ms. Welty is showing the symbol of a Greek mythological bird that could live to be one hundred to one†¦show more content†¦The young white hunter assisted her out of a ditch only to belittle her and put a gun in her face (Welty). This shows great courage to endure this encounter that must have been something Phoenix had endured and witnessed her entire life. Hard work was a way of life, much like Dr. Jackson that worked tirelessly to find a cure to save the young children who had swallowed lye, it made her strong enough to face this encounter (Stang). In addition, it was hard work and agility to walk along a log to cross a creek with her eyes closed, the wisdom to shimmy under barbed wire fences without getting hung up, the endurance to go up and down hills and through hollers, and the devotion to make the trip to the Doctors office and back (Welty). Although, in her nineties Phoenix was strong and very capable to walk that worn path and do it with the dignity of a grandmother that cares about her grandson. The story tells that Phoenix was a selfless, devoted, and caring person. In addition, Dr. Jackson cared for his patients, many times using his own money for research and charity cases (Stang 17. By taking advantage, making yearly trips to the Doctor’s office, because the doctor said, if she comes and gets the medicine she can have it, shows her wisdom and devotion. She takes the time to tell the nurse how cute her grandson is and that he will survive, showing her optimism. Even after enduring belittling wise cracks from the attendantShow MoreRelatedPhoenix Jackson in A Worn Path Essay499 Words   |  2 PagesPhoenix Jackson in A Worn Path â€Å"’Out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animals!†¦ Keep the big wild hogs out of my path. Don’t let none of those come running my direction. I got a long way’† (116). Through the character of Phoenix Jackson in â€Å"A Worn Path† Welty produces a picture of an aging African-American woman in the Jim Crow South. In â€Å"A Worn Path† we learn of the hardships Jackson faces on her weekly journey for medicine to sooth the pain ofRead MoreCharacter Analysis: Phoenix Jackson Essay examples942 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most considerable, being the legend of the phoenix. There are numerous symbols and allusions brought about in the story relating to the legend of the phoenix. The phoenix is a bird that comes from Egyptian mythology. The best analogy of the phoenix is a magnificent bird. The phoenix has astonishing powers. It has the knack to materialize and vanish in the blink of an eye. The myth states the phoenix travels to the sun. The sun gives the phoenix it powers. The heat incinerates the bird. The birdRead MoreA Worn Path: Phoenix Jackson a Very Old Woman Essay701 Words   |  3 Pagescan be parents and grandparents. It all depend s on what the person does to be considered a hero, such as a grandparent that would walk about 50 miles to get medicine for their sick grandson. That is what Phoenix Jackson did for her grandson in the short story, A Worn Path. Phoenix Jackson is a very old woman who lives out in the backcountry of Mississippi with her sick grandson. She takes care of him because she is his only family left and he has some kind of a problem with his throat, heRead MoreDecoding The Symbolism Used in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty1276 Words   |  6 Pagestalking about the different literary references used throughout Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path†. I will explain and decode different techniques used by the author throughout her story. The story is of an old southern African American woman, named Phoenix Jackson, making her way into to town to pick up her grandsons medication from the doctor’s office. But this is no normal old woman. She cannot see and is picking her way with a cane to make her way across a barrage of obstacles. Throughout her journeyRead MorePhoenix Jackson in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty: Courageous or Crazy?793 Words   |  3 PagesCrazy or Courageous? The power and determination of women to go to every end of the earth for kids is put into a different perspective in this essay. Women from almost any time period would go and do anything for kids, even if the kids were disrespectful and unloving in return. A perfect example of this is Phoenix Jackson, an old woman making a journey for her grandson in the short story â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty. She runs into many obstacles along the way, but is it enough to take care ofRead MoreThe Quests Of Araby And A Worn Path984 Words   |  4 PagesThe Quests in â€Å"Araby† and â€Å"A Worn Path† Both â€Å"Araby† (1914) by James Joyce, and â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty (1941) pursue life through a journey. The protagonists, Phoenix Jackson in â€Å"A Worn Path† and Joyce’s narrator in â€Å"Araby,† embark on an errand out of love. In â€Å"Araby,† Joyce’s narrator develops an infatuation for Mangan’s sister. He laments, â€Å"I had never spoken to her, except for a few casual words, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood† (Joyce 200). He volunteers toRead More Realism in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagesnatural symbolism of the surroundings. The main character in the story, Phoenix Jackson, is an old black woman who seeks out to find medicine for her sick nephew. This story contains a motif, which is the continuous walking of Phoenix Jackson throughout her journey. She lives in the pinewoods and faces the challenging experience of walking through the snowy, frozen earth to get to the hospital in the city of Natchez. Phoenix Jackson is a very caring person, and is in love with life. Although she isRead MoreA Worn Path Research Paper959 Words   |  4 PagesHeroic Efforts Of Phoenix Jackson In â€Å"A Worn Path† In Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path,† the character Phoenix Jackson is introduced. Phoenix Jackson is an uneducated, African-American woman without any family besides her sick grandson. Phoenix is the hero of this story and fits the role well by delivering much-needed medicine to her grandson. Phoenix shows many distinct traits that reveal her to be a hero to her grandson. The heroic feats she accomplishes pave a path that leads to her satisfaction asRead MoreThe Character Of Phoenix Jackson, A Worn Path939 Words   |  4 PagesAdrianna Ratliff English 1123-UTAB Critical Analysis Essay Hampton 29 October 2014 The Character of Phoenix Jackson,† A Worn Path† Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path,† is a story about an elderly woman name Phoenix Jackson walking on a path to Natchez to get some medicine for her ill grandson that swallowed some lye that affected him severely. The story portrayed a vivid idea of her personalities and the readers realize how unique Phoenix Jackson is. Phoenix faced many trials and tribulations while on herRead MoreSymbolism in A Worn Path By Eudora Welty1096 Words   |  5 Pageswoman named Phoenix Jackson who takes a journey along a path with manifold of dangerous objects. Phoenix Jackson takes the journey thru the path because her grandson drank liquid named lye and got sick from his throat. Phoenix Jackson makes her journey thru the path to go to the doctor’s office to get some medicine. As Phoenix Jackson walks thru the path she encounters a lot of animals like foxes, owls, beetles, jack-rabbits, coons, little bob-whites and big wild hogs. Phoenix Jackson also encounters

Considered As A Technologically Advanced †Myassignmethelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Considered As A Technologically Advanced? Answer: Introduction Today Japan is considered as a technologically advanced country. Its sound technology base help the nation to develop rapidly. In the past seventy years the country has made remarkable progress in growth and development perspective. The country possesses a strong manufacturing and service sector. These two sectors are two main pillars of the economy. External sector in Japan is also string enough to support the growth path of the nation. Present paper has made a brief analysis on how the economy in Japan has performed in the last few years. Evaluation has been made on overall production performance of the economy. In addition inflation and unemployment trend over the past several years has been taken for consideration. Production Output Performance Analysis GDP Gross domestic product or GDP is an aggregate measure of countrys overall production or output. It is the monetary values of all goods and services produced in the economy in a particular economy. To calculate the values of goods and service in monetary terms either current market prices or base year price are used. The former is called nominal GDP while the latter is known as real GDP (Tachibanaki, 2016). Figure 1: Yearly GDP values Japan (Source: tradingeconomics.com) Gross domestic product in Japan recorded as 4939.38 billion USD in the year 2016. GDP records its highest value in 2012. Total values of domestic goods and services in that year was 6203.2 billion. Japan accounts almost 7.97% of world GDP. The average national income in the last 40 years in Japan is 2656.84 billion USD. The lowest value recorded in 1960. From then GDP is more or less increasing in Japan as shown by the statistics. GDP growth rate Growth in GDP measures the output growth in the economy. Growth output expresses the change in GDP between two consecutive years as a percentage of the first year. Is is also considered as economys growth rate as it measures the growth of output and hence income in the economy overtime. Figure 2: GDP growth rate in Japan (Source: tradingeconomics.com) Japan economy is considered as fourth largest world economy. It is a diversified economy with making remarkable progress in advanced technology. Being a developed country the the contribution of service sector is highest in GDP composition. The share of service sector in GDP is nearly 62%. Thus, maximum growth contribution in the economy is coming from service sector. Within the service sector retail and wholesale trade is considered as most important. The next important sector in Japan in manufacturing with making a 22% contribution in GDP (Angelini et al, 2015). Construction is also an important sector in the economy GDP per Capita analysis Per capita GDP is a measure of average income of the nation. Per capita GDP is obtained when GDP of an accounting year is divided by the population of that year. Since GDP is used as a measure of countrys output performance, Per capita GDP also used as a measure of average productivity of the nation. Higher the average income or productivity, higher is the living standard in the economy. Figure 3: per capita GDP in Japan (Source: tradingeconomic.com) Per capita GDP in Japan has more or less increased overtime. In 2007 per capita GDP was 46687.3 billion. This became 47606.7 billion in 2016. In 2009 per capita GDP fell to record its lowest amount. The figure of per capita GDP stood at 42724.5 billion. The downturn in the economys average income is explained by the global financial crisis in 2008. Government measure to achieve output performance Government uses monetary and fiscal policy tool to achieve targeted economic growth. The direct tools of fiscal policy include direct and indirect taxes, government expenditure in different sectors of the economy and government debt. The instruments of monetary policy are government regulation, availability of credit in the economy and its cost. In Japan ministry of finance takes major initiatives to achieve economic growth in the postwar period. The finance ministry adapts growth first approach. A high proportion of government fund is allocated to accumulation of capital. This policy is accompanied with a low overall government expenditure for the economy. By following this policy the government aims at keeping both the deficit and tax rate as low as possible. In addition, this will make more investible fund available for the economy. Japanese generally put a significant part of their income in saving account. The fiscal policy of Japanese government focuses on formulation of national budget. The national budget is constructed under the the regulation of finance ministry. For each financial year the sector prepares an expenditure budget. In the budget, tax adjustment and net revenue calculation is done by Tax department of the finance ministry. The finance ministry also issues bond, controls borrowing of the government, arranges investment and loan program and other financial responsibility of the government. The fixed investment on loan and infrastructure including both private and public enterprises accounts 15% of gross national product. Approximately 84.7% of the government revenues are collected from different taxes in the nation. A progressive tax rate prevails in Japan (Dore, 2013). In order to improve industrial output Japanese government has adapted complicated set of policies for industrial development. The policies of Japanese government mostly related to labor markets, promotion of trade and providing tax incentives to investors. Labor Market Analysis Types of Unemployment Unemployment is a state when some existing and potential labor in the labor force fail to find job. The labor market of any economy always contains unemployed persons. However, there are different reasons for unemployment in the economy. Following are different types of unemployment that prevails in an economy. Structural unemployment: Structural unemployment resulted from structural factors. Often industry changes their structure to enhance productivity. Labors who are in incompatible in the new structure become unemployed. Cyclical unemployment: This is another common type of unemployment. Economy goes through different phases of business cycle. In the depression phase there is an economy wide depressed demand affecting production and employment opportunities. Unemployment thus resulted from a business cycle fluctuation is known as cyclical unemployment (Harris, 2015). Frictional unemployment: Economic bottleneck causes frictional unemployment. In times of inter industry job switching people remain unemployed for a certain time period. Disguised Unemployment: In certain sectors, there are people who are though employed but do not make any marginal contribution. This is called disguised unemployment. Agriculture is the sector where this type of unemployment mostly prevalent. Unemployment trend in Japan Figure 4: inflation trend in Japan (Source: data.worlodbank.org) In June 2017, unemployment rate in Japan records a 2.8% fall. The unemployment rate in the previous month was 3.1%. The figure stood below 3 percent. This is accounted as reaching below a 23 years low level from the months of February to April in 2017. In addition, the ratio of job creation to its applicants is greater greater than 1. This indicates more jobs have been created in the economy and thus reduces unemployment. The ratio now stands as 1.51 as compared to 1.49% in the previous year. Government measure to achieve full employment In Japan, steady economic growth is viewed as a solution to unemployment problem. Poor economic performance mostly affects the young population. The young population in japan are suffering from lack of training program/. To address this issue Japan government has arranged training program for them. Female employment is very low in Japan. In total employed people the percentage of female employment is only 48.9% (Lockwood, 2015). Full utilization of female labor force will benefit the economy with more creative ideas. Generally, 80% of female employees take leave for their childcare. Among them only 40% continues their job with first child. The female proportion in the managerial post is lower as compared to international standard. In order to improve the situation of female employment new legal framework has been designed by the government that allows 30% female employment in higher post. The government also make arrangement for childcare facilities so that females can continue their participation in the labor market. In times of recession recovery phase government changes its labor market policies to ensure full employment in the economy. The movement towards a flexible labor market has been made in order to reduce frictional unemployment in the economy. This aims at allowing them a smooth switching of their jobs. To resolve the problem of youth unemployment incentives care given to large companies for hiring newly joined members of the labor force. Program has been conducted to extend further support to newly graduates and young people in the society. Comprehensive support program has been arranged by the government. Price Level Analysis The gradual rise in general price level is called inflation. The stability or instability of price level is indicated by the rate of inflation in the economy. Inflation trend Figure 5: inflation trend in Japan (Source: data.worldbank.org) In June 2017, consumer prices rose at a rate of 0.4%. The figure matches with the statistics of two previous month. The price level for food is at a stable level while that of housing and transport fell. In the previous year, food prices rose at a rate of 0.8. the inflation rate for fish and sea good is is maximum. On the other hand, prices for fresh vegetables fall. Corte inflation rate in the economy has gone up 0.4% excluding food prices. In 2015, the figure reached its maximum. When computed on a monthly basis it shows the average consumer prices were flat. Tokyo accounts a 0.1% rise in its consumer prices. Core inflation rate in Tokyo is averaged at 0.2% (Campbell, 2014). Causes of inflation Price increases either due to the forces coming from demand side or from the supply side. When price rises due to components of demand, it is called demand pull inflation while inflation from the supply side factors are called Cost-push inflation (Mankiw, 2014). Demand-Pull inflation A rapid rise in aggregate demand generally forces price up. Rising demand at an unusually high rate creates a positive output gap. The scarcity of output givers upward pressure on price. Cost-Push inflation In the phase of increasing production cost producers increases price of their product to recover cost. Cost-Push inflation resulted increase in direct and indirect cost of the producers. Government measure to achieve Price level stability Price stability is a key policy objective of Bank of Japan (BOJ). Before taking measures of price stability, the term should be well defined. In Japan, Consumer prices are used to measure the stability of price level. Core inflation rate that exclude the basket of fresh food is the primary measure of inflation in Japan. Unlike many other developed countries BOJs inflation does not include energy prices. In price stability front BOJ sets its stable range between 0 and 2. The main policy of BOJ is increase in interest rate (Ishikawa Wall, 2015). BOJ has further stressed that economic situations including movements in prices is respondent to interest rate. The board of monetary policy makes its semi-annual growth rate and the movement in consumer price Index to a moderate level. To handle deflation in the economy central bank in Japan devises ease monetary policy either by increasing the money supply or reducing the interest rate. Conclusion The above discussion gives a brief overview of economic performance in Japan. For analysis purpose GDP, growth of GDP, per capita GDP, inflation and unemployment trend has been taken into consideration. The moderate GDP values indicate well output performance of the economy. Along with this, GDP growth rate and per capita GDP is also improving in the economy. With substantial government measure the country is also achieving its target of full employment. The active measure of bank of japan helps the economy to maintain stability bin the price level. References Angelini, P., Clerc, L., Crdia, V., Gambacorta, L., Gerali, A., Locarno, A., ... Vl?ek, J. (2015). Basel III: Long?term Impact on Economic Performance and Fluctuations.The Manchester School,83(2), 217-251. Campbell, J. C. (2014).How policies change: The Japanese management and the aging society. Princeton University Press. Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2 August 2017, from https://data.worldbank.org/country/singapore. Dore, R. (2013).Taking Japan seriously: A Confucian perspective on leading economic issues. AC Black. Harris, J. M. (2015). New macroeconomics teaching for a new era: instability, inequality, and environment.European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies,12(2), 236-242. Ishikawa, T., Wall, R. (2015). Significance of Constructing City Systems in Regional Policy. InFirms Location Selections and Regional Policy in the Global Economy(pp. 281-288). Springer Japan. Lockwood, W. W. (2015). Economic Development of Japan. Princeton University Press. Mankiw, N. G. (2014).Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Tachibanaki, T. (Ed.). (2016).Labour market and economic performance: Europe, Japan and the USA. Springer. Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 2 August 2017, from https://tradingeconomics.com/singapore/labor-force-participation-rate

The Ecological Effect of the Victorians Desalination Project

The project on Victorian desalination is a scheme that was devised with an aim of realizing the ecological performance necessities. Victorian has been in drought for many years as a result, this lead to a noteworthy diminution in the amount of water available to Victorians. Due to the fact that Victorian experienced adverse water calamities, the government came up with a number of projects to boost Victoria’s water delivery.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Ecological Effect of the Victorian’s Desalination Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government also came up with a scheme to grant a long term elucidation to secure water supplies (John, 2009). This was done to; enable a quick and an elastic reply to varying water requirements, advance and expand water provision in the area as well as setting up water resources across the nation via the water framework (Kenneth, 2009). The main goa l of this investigation was to ascertain a sound understanding on the ecological effect on the task. This also includes giving an opinion on the most excellent advance to decrease these effects. In the Victorian’s desalination project the government was to present to the minister for planning with an account on screening tests that are done at the intake of the remains as well as the dregs. Prior to treatment process there are extra steps of amplification on filtration process in the upstream. The clarification engages use of dissolved air floating unit that does away with the massiveness of the hovering solids. Air floats these solids from the faà §ade of the backwash water (Norrie, 2008) Sea water is forced through tiny membranous holes, constituent part that is bigger than the openings of the crust are sieved out. In Victorian membrane filtration is a modern skill that is practiced and can do away with the necessity for the most important coagulant. This allows for the ba ckwash run to be unswervingly mixed with briny concentration that is then released to the sea. The expelled water to the ocean has no toxic effect and hence beneficial for people consumption (Kenneth, 2009). This was one way in which the management was able to restore water resources hence attaining the goal of the project which was to ensure that water was enough water for the various uses. Nevertheless, there is inadequate use of this skill, this could be in a greater way be contributed by the fact that there were other methods like chemical process. This process engrosses chemically consolidating of seawater to flocculate the floating mater for elimination in the pre-treatment sifts as well as for coagulating rationale (Sun, 2008).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The management of Victoria’s desalination project ensured that the following factors were enhanced; wa ter security, water quality, flexible water supply, power supply, inlet and outlet tunnels, energy and renewable as well as plant architecture and landscaping. These factors were some of the contributing effects to provision of quality as well as enough water throughout the state (Peter, 2009). The management came up with the choice of conveying the scheme as a public concealed corporation. The decision was motivated by a comprehensive appraisal of the following representation. These models took account of; corporation Victoria privately funded public private partnership, stately funded agreements and nation finance procurement. In conclusion, the Victorian’s desalination project the management was able to attain its goals in realizing the ecological performance necessities since it managed to eradicate drought in the state. References David, Kenneth, 2009, Water policy delivers scary possibilities, the Age Melbourne. Herald,Sun, 2008, Protesters met by police at desal site i n Wonthaggi, Retrieved 2008. Ker,Peter, 2009, True cost of desal plant concealed, The Age. Ross, Norrie, 2008, Opponents of Victorian desalination plant must pay costs, Retrived 2008.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Ecological Effect of the Victorian’s Desalination Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Satt,John, 2009, Victorian desalination project, Retrieve 2009. This report on The Ecological Effect of the Victorian’s Desalination Project was written and submitted by user Bryant T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.