The sponsorship strategy for the BFI's London Film Festival Essay

The sponsorship strategy for the BFI's London Film Festival - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the London Film Festival is an annual event organised by the British Film Institute (BFI). It is the largest public film event in the UK and it attracts over 300 features, documentaries and short films from numerous countries around the world. The London Film Festival has a rich history that goes back to 1953 and it has a reputation that is connected to the Crown and other credible institutions in the UK. The London Film Festival provides the red-carpet treatment for stars and brings together important personalities and leaders in the film industry in the UK and beyond. The event comes with a large array of programmes and activities that bring together stakeholders in the film industry. This includes public forum, education events, lectures, question-and-answer sessions with actors and authorities in the film industry. The highlights of each year’s events are the awards for the best films in various categories. This year's editi on of the BFI London Film Festival is scheduled to be done between the 17th and 31st of October, 2014. The main objectives of this year's project include the following: Growing the film industry in London; Maximise investments into London and the UK through the film industry; Sustain and improve the London film culture; Promote London as a global city through the film industry; Present London's strategic priorities to the world by filming and broadcasting it.

Is There a Biodiversity Crisis Essay Example for Free

Is There a Biodiversity Crisis Essay Most commonly, biodiversity is referred to as the differences in the forms of life inside an ecosystem. There are different definitions regarding to the scope and to whoever has defined the word biodiversity. The first definition which the most common definition of the word states that biodiversity is the variation of life at levels of biological organization. This definition simply states that biodiversity claims the general differences in the living organisms that exist in an ecosystem. The second definition characterizes biodiversity as an assessment of the overall health of an ecosystem. The health of an ecosystem is relatively based on the number of species that thrives in an ecosystem. Thus, biodiversity is also measure of the relative physical condition of the different organisms alive in an ecosystem. Another definition, which is most commonly used by ecologists, describes biodiversity as the entirety of the genes, species and ecosystems of a certain region. This third definition relates the three basic levels that identify biodiversity: (1) genetic diversity, (2) species diversity and, (3) ecosystem diversity. In the main, biodiversity for ecologists also relates the interactions of species to species and also the interaction of the species to the environment they are in. Therefore, it is not only the species of organism that are interacting with one another but also the organism are interacting with the air, soil, water and the factors that constitutes the totality of the environment. The environment is very essential to all the living forms in the planet. Clearly, it is the provider of our most basic needs: food, water and air. It gives us water for drinking, air for breathing, food to supply as with energy and other necessities. Humans are pat of a very big ecosystem – the earth. With all the animals and the other forms of living things in the earth interacting with one another, surely, one kind of species needs the other in order to survive. Such as the way the spider needs its web and the horse needs the grass, all the organisms, need the planet’s wealth in order to survive. The collection of plants and animals are the ones that keep an ecosystem stable. The more diverse an ecosystem is, the more that it is stable and the more that it is likely to survive. Biodiversity crisis is one of the threats that lead to the extinction of certain species of animals and plants. Still, nobody knows the importance of each and every living thing on earth. However, their loss can be equated to a loss in medicine, technology and balance in nature, which in turn mar risk the lives of humans. Factors There are so many factors that contribute to the weakening and deterioration of biodiversity. It includes too much use and over exploitation, physical and chemical modification of the areas which serves as habitats for certain organism, introduction of foreign species of organisms to an area and modifications in the conditions of habitats. Some factors that contribute to the total fall of biodiversity in an area are also socially based. This includes rapid population growth, over exploitation of resources, useless and ineffective knowledge, unworthy management and increasing demand for areas to be modified into industrial and technological spots. Human activity is a large fraction of the causes of biodiversity crisis of the world. The diverse activities of humans can be accounted as the primary cause of the degradation of the diversity of life of the planet. Certain human activities create a huge impact to the environment. Two of which are human population and the level of consumption of humankind. These two factors constitutes to the major environmental changes that are happening in the planet. Also, the principal activities of humans for the purpose of his survival in the planet such as agriculture, fishing, hunting, manufacturing, trade, industry, and even recreational activities such as hiking, mountaineering and tours are directly and indirectly creating a major effect on the environmental balance. Records show that hunting and sever use and exploitation of the animal life and environment are the most cases that can be observed in the word today. These activities are the biggest threats to the existence of various kinds of animals not only in Tibet but also in other countries such as Thailand and Philippines. In Tibet, exploitation of animals is a major environmental problem. Animals are being killed for commercial reasons. Skin of rare animals, antlers of deer, heads of various animals mostly the Tibetan gazelle and fur of wild animals such as leopards can be seen in the market and are sold openly without penalties and forced restrictions by the authorities. More to that, hunters are not only free to kill animals in the wild but also, they can get their own permit to hunt in the wild. They are given permit to kill animals for the purpose of producing income and for the purpose of causing a rapid decrease in the population of the animals that they use for commercial purposes. Also, another major cause of biodiversity crisis in the world and still, an example of human activity is forest degradation and transformation of habitats to industrial sites. Forest degradation does not only concern the loss of trees in the rainforests but also the loss of the animals that depends on these trees for survival. Wide exploitation of the forests has been recorded in most of the countries in the world as early as human population began to rapidly increase. The act of cutting trees to be used either for construction of houses or for the purpose of selling to companies and other groups and for the purpose of having a new site wherein industries, houses, subdivisions and chemical plants are to be erected, all constitutes to the improper and over utilization of resources. These activities are the roots of extensive migration of birds and animals to other areas which causes over crowding of species in an area and wide losses in certain species that eventually dies due to the loss of trees and the loss of the existence of rainforests which serves as their habitat. Losses These human activities in effect, cause enormous impact to the environment. Effects incorporate land transformations, rapid decrease in the population of specie which mostly results to extinction and immense changes in the patterns of weather, water cycle, nutrient accumulation and chemical introduction. In the long run, these direct effects of human activities consequently are the ones that cause various changes in the global climate, patterns of migration, reproduction and habitat and an overall irreversible loss form the environment and consequently a loss to the humankind. On the whole, human activities have brought changes not only to the other living organism in the planet but also to the planet itself. Accordingly, human activities have caused the environment to weaken inducing a less stable planet that could less support existence of life. The world is rapidly loosing its wealth and richness. Due to the acts of man, not only he and the other forms of life are at risk but also the whole world. Man’s activities constitute much of the factors that contribute to this hasty decline. As man continues to increase its population and greedy concept of living, the diversity of life is steadily going to a point of fall. As this happens, lakes and rivers are transformed to highways and canals, forests will soon be out of trees and animals and will be turned to deserts. Natural diversity will be continuously raped and will make way for the rise of towering buildings, winding roads, infrastructures, houses, villages, factories, mines, schools, shopping malls and gardens. Existence of the technological advancements will soon interfere with the usual patterns of the weather and global climate as well as the lives of different species. In turn, they will be extinct and will never be enjoyed again by the coming generations. Eventually, the works of man today will weaken and continuously exploit the wealth of planet until comes to a point where it can no longer hold for the existence of man and his doings. References Center for Biodiversity and Conservation. (2007). Biodiversity in Crisis?. Retrieved December 6, 2007, from http://cbc.amnh. org/crisis/crisis. html. Simberloff, Daniel. (2007). Habitat Change, Population Growth, and the Biodiversity Crisis: Getting Ahead of the Extinction Curve. Retrieved, December 5, 2007, from http://www. angelo. edu/events/university_symposium/93_Simberloff. html. Shah, Anup. (2007) Biodiversity. Retrieved, December 5, 2007, from http://www. globalissues. org/EnvIssues/Biodiversity. asp. The Fruitarian Foundation. (2000). The Biodiversity Crisis. Retrieved December 5, 2007, from http://www. fruitarian. com/ab/TheBiodiversityCrisis. htm.

Information Security: Public Key Infrastructure Essay -- Information

With the increase of digital communications and transactions, a stronger level of security is required to protect the user and their data transactions. Systems, servers, personal computers, mobile devices, tokens and smart cards are all being used ubiquitously to view protected communications. With the influx of data management, there is an ever-apparent contest between the two adversaries in the game of Information Security: the developers and the hackers. PKI was designed to leverage the Internet infrastructure for communications (CITE Samuelle 2009). While minimizing hostile exploitation of data, decreasing data theft, and providing an additional layer of trust through keys pairs and digital certificates, PKI is used to verify the identity of the user and the authenticity of the data. A Public Key Infrastructure is not a single device or entity; it is a compilation of technology, infrastructure, and practices that enables large scale use of public key cryptography to provide authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation services (CITE). The word cryptography is derived from the Greek word â€Å"kryptos†(CITE), which means hidden. It is the technique in which a cryptographic algorithm is used to take the original plaintext information and then make it unreadable to everyone except for those it was initially intended for by scrambling it into ciphertext. This is known as encryption, and the process that unscrambles the message to make it readable again is called decryption. The National Security Agency (NSA) even defines cryptography as the science and art of making codes and ciphers(CITE NSA 2009). In cryptography, a key or code is used to scramble the message which results in a cipher. Cryptography has not alw... ...rce. (2007, Sept 18). Public Key Infrastructures - Federal PKI. Retrieved Sept 15, 2009, from NIST-Computer Security Division: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/crypto_apps_infra/pki/index.html NIST. (2009). Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 186-3, Digital Signature Standard (DSS). Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce. NSA. (2009, 01 12). Frequently Asked Questions Terms and Acronyms - NSA/CSS:. Retrieved 10 11, 2009, from National Security Agency: http://www.nsa.gov/about/faqs/terms_acronyms.shtml US-CERT. (2008, 12 31). Vulnerability Note VU#836068. Retrieved 10 12, 2009, from US-CERT: http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/836068 VeriSign, Inc. (2009). National PKI: The foundation of trust in government programs (A White Paper). Retrieved Sept 15, 2009, from VeriSign White Paper: http://www.verisign.com/static/national-pki-government-trust.pdf

Political Rhetoric During the American Revolution

Political rhetoric has been used since the ancient times. It has been used by public speakers from everywhere and to spring their audience to action. A great public speaker or writer is determined by his or her choice of words. In American history there have been documents that have had a tremendous impact on public opinion. Political rhetoric is extremely important because it can bring a society together for one common cause. When someone uses rhetoric effectively the reader starts to have a stirring in their heart because they feel inspired by what is being said. This usually leads them to take action and support the cause their referring to which in this case was the American Revolution. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, the VA Declaration of Rights, and the Declaration of Independence were documents that greatly shifted public opinion and led the colonists to support the revolution with their use of rhetoric. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense was a political pamphlet written at the heels of the America Revolution that became extremely popular among the colonies. Thomas Paine was a Pennsylvania journalist during the time of the American Revolution. He began working on it in late 1775 and it was published in 1776. The rhetoric of this pamphlet along with its popularity greatly turned the tide in favor of rebelling against Great Britain. Paine wrote this pamphlet in a style that a common person could understand. The title itself contains rhetoric. By making the title Common Sense it implies that the contents of the pamphlet contain many common sense ideas that everyone reading it should understand. The wording of his pamphlet was very simple and contained many biblical references so it was also relatable to the colonists. It was extremely important that all colonists could understand the pamphlet because it would create a sense of unity and understanding among the rich and poor colonists. Paine’s main arguments were that it is foolish for such an island to rule a continent, Britain had selfish intentions in ruling the colonies, and being a part of Britain would involve America in unnecessary European wars that would limit their economic possibilities. Paine in the first section creates a distinction between society and government. He says society is a patron that promotes happiness and government is a punisher that restrains society. To best describe his vision on the relationship that society and government should have he gives an example of a few people who live in nature without government.. He gives the example of the few people creating a society because the colonists can relate that to themselves. At one point in time Great Britain left the colonies alone for the most part and they lived in peace. Once the government got involved and began to take for themselves is when the colonists started having all these problems. Paine also argues that all men are created equal and that the distinction of the king from his subjects oppresses this idea. â€Å"MANKIND being originally equals in the order of creation, the equality could only be destroyed by some subsequent circumstance; the distinctions of rich, and poor, may in a great measure be accounted for, and that without having recourse to the harsh, ill-sounding names of oppression and avarice. Oppression is often the consequence, but seldom or never the means of riches; and though avarice will preserve a man from being necessitously poor, it generally makes him too timorous to be wealthy. But there is another and greater distinction for which no truly natural or religious reason can be assigned, and that is, the distinction of men into KINGS and SUBJECTS. † Paine in his third section discusses the problems between the colonies and England and says the best route is to declare their independence from England. In his final section he offers great optimism about the militia during the revolution and how it can win this war. Thomas Paine’s use of rhetoric in Common Sense is the reason why it was so persuasive and popular and could have possibly been the reason that the colonists finally came and decided to revolt against Great Britain. The Virginia Declaration of Rights was written in 1776 to proclaim the natural rights of man including the right to rebel against an inadequate government. George Mason was the author of this document, which was adopted unanimously by the Virginia Convention of Delegates in 1776. It was the first document that protected individual rights rather than protecting just members of Parliament. The declaration states that all men have their natural rights, which are life, liberty, and property. The rhetoric in this document influenced future significant documents in American history. Thomas Jefferson drew great inspiration from this document when he wrote the Declaration of Independence a month later. He borrowed the idea of natural rights of man and implemented them into his document. James Madison was also influenced by the rhetoric and ideas of the Virginia Declaration when drawing the Bill of Rights. Aside from being incredibly influential for latter documents; the Virginia Declaration of Rights asserted the right of the Virginia people to rebel against Great Britain The Declaration of Independence was one of the greatest documents ever written in American history. This document officially stated that the 13 colonies had broken away from the control of Great Britain who they were at war with at the time. It stated the reasons for why the colonies declared independence and listed the grievances against the king of England. The rhetoric in this document is what makes it such a powerful piece of literature. This declaration contains many powerful quotes that can emotionally affect a reader. â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. This quote has been called one of the most potent and consequential in American history and for good reason. The rhetoric in this quote is very powerful because it uses a religious reference and relates it to the colonists. By saying that the Creator as in God has given colonists certain rights, it leads them to believe that nobody can take them away and this gives them a sense of worth and purpose that no government could take away. Jefferson listed the many grievances that the colonies had against Great Britain to give reason for their breaking apart. These were complaints that the colonists all had against the government and so it created a sense of unity among them all. The Declaration of Independence had to have strong rhetoric in order for it to be a successful document. It had to take a stand against the tyranny America was facing and had to show that they were serious about their independence. Not only did they have to show it to Great Britain but as well as the common people of the colonies because they were the ones fighting in the war and they needed the reassurance that this war was worth fighting for. The creators, by signing the declaration on the last page gave the colonists this reassurance because it showed them that they were not just aristocrats writing a document in Pennsylvania while the common people fought on the battlefield but they were also putting their lives on the line. The signers knew that if they were to lose the war they would be killed and so the colonists recognized this and were inspired by their willingness to die for this cause. This gave the colonist the reassurance they needed to finish out the war, eventually defeat England and gain their independence. In conclusion political rhetoric has had a dramatic influence on public opinion during the American Revolution. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense greatly shifted the public opinion towards revolution while the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the Declaration of Independence gave the colonists a sense of purpose and inspired them to rise up against Great Britain. It is hard to imagine what life in America would be like in present day had these documents not been written with such emotion and resolve. It is a good thing we do not have to find out. Bibliography: â€Å"Virginia Declaration of Rights. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 29 Aug 2009, 01:20 UTC. 29 Aug 2009 . â€Å"United States Declaration of Independence. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 21 Sep 2009, 03:39 UTC. 21 Sep 2009 . â€Å"Common Sense (pamphlet). † Wikipedia. Web. 19 Sept. 2009. . Paine, Thomas. Common Sense. Philadelphia: R. Bell, 1176. Print. â€Å"The Declaration of Independence. † Ushistory. org. Independence Hall Association, 4 July 1995. Web. 20 Sept. 2009.

Life on the Color Line Essay

A- Gregory Howard Williams wrote the book. Before you read the book you have no idea who he is. Once you read the book you find out that he is mulatto and was raised in a community that was extremely prejudice against blacks. The authors’ point of view is his own story. P-The book takes place in Virginia at the beginning of the book from 1943-1952, and then in Muncie, Indiana from 1952-1969. The source was produced in 1995. The meaning of the source doesn’t really change at all, but now that it is after the problems of racial segregation and discrimination, we are able to read it and look back on the problems of our society and make sure it doesn’t happen again. P- Other than what I learned from the book, I actually knew a lot. I knew that in the 1940’s-50’s there was a major problem with racial discrimination. I knew that the way whites treated blacks was terrible and unjust. I also knew that blacks looked toward whites as horrible people and that it was taboo to interracially date/marry. This helped me better understand why the whites were treating Greg the way that they were and why the blacks had a hard time accepting him into their community. A- The audience is for teenagers and adults. It’s pretty graphic so it is intended to be taken seriously and with an open mind. It is it is more so towards teenagers and people with hard lives to show that they aren’t the only ones going through something difficult, because he went through some really complicated times and is now leading a successful, happy life. R-This book was produced in order to show what life was like for the mulatto race and how difficult it was for them. It is an inspirational book to tell people that they can go through anything if they keep their eyes on a goal and work towards it, no matter how hard it gets. T-The theme of the book was trials and success. It tells of his early child hood having to be both white and black in a community that was extremely prejudiced. It shows how he finds his way by keeping with the black influence and embracing it as his own lifestyle. It shows the difficulties he had with bullies and ignorant people and how he used academics as a way to stay out of trouble. It shows how he has to live with an alcoholic father and how he takes care of him even though he would probably be better off not worrying about him. It shows how he went through an extremely difficult childhood and was able to graduate college with a doctorate in law. S-This book is significant because it gives us a deeper look into how messed up our society was during the late 1900’s. It gives us a better understanding into the life that we aren’t familiar with because we usually just look at the black or white side of the story. Life on the Color Line makes us realize that it was just as hard for mulattos in that time as it was for blacks.

The Role Of Stigma And Labelling Social Work Essay Essays

The Role Of Stigma And Labelling Social Work Essay Essays The Role Of Stigma And Labelling Social Work Essay Essay The Role Of Stigma And Labelling Social Work Essay Essay In this essay I will show my apprehension of stigma and labelling. There are certain people who are stigmatised and substance users frequently have a negative stereotype. This negativeness will frequently non let the substance user to seek the aid and medical intervention that they need due to the stigma and labelling. I will be discoursing the research around the impacts of stigma and labelling that will impact non merely their intervention but in lodging and employment. The term stigma originates from the ancient Greek word and signifies that he or she could be a slave, condemnable or treasonist and was used as a mark of shame and shame. It is now used to depict people who are stereotyped because of their societal individuality ( Pierson A ; Thomas, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Goffman, when a individual is non able to run into outlooks because their behavior or properties are unwanted or unacceptable, so stigma disqualifies a individual from societal credence. Goffman suggests that stigma is, an unwanted property that is incongruous with our stereotype of what a given person should be Goffmam ( 1963:3 ) . Stigma is a usage of negative labels and is about discourtesy. It is non merely a affair of utilizing the incorrect word but labels that individual who has the substance usage upset. Stigma consequences in favoritism and maltreatment and is damaging to the lives of many people. The fright of stigma discourages households and many persons from acquir ing the support and intervention that they may necessitate to take normal healthy life styles. Stigma deprives people their full engagement into society which so reinforces negative stereotypes ( Goffman, 1968 ) . The manner of get bying with stigma is to hide behaviors and internalise these negative positions and as a consequence will be capable to favoritism and exclusion within many countries. Drug jobs will stay entrenched if substance users are seen as drug addicts . Landlords will be loath to allow out their belongingss and employers will be wary of giving them occupations. Employment and lodging are of import to substance users as it can be critical in set uping themselves back into society ( UKDPC, 2008 ) . Research surveies show that 80 % of drug users are unemployed. Bing employed is shown to be an of import constituent into the reintegration into society. Once in work, it will assist in constructing their self-pride and back into normal life ( UKDPC, 2008 ) . Family mem bers feel shame and stop swearing them and in some instances, disown him/her. Community s will thumb point , seek to avoid contact and will dish the dirt about them. Many would reason that society s disapproval of drug usage ; particularly hemp and diacetylmorphine will state stigma is necessary to show disapproval ( UKDPC, 2010 ) . Stigma can besides do the substance user stigmatize themselves, do them experience entirely, rejected and destruct their self-pride. Seeking aid is really hard for the substance user and will forestall them from making so. They will frequently experience that discontinuing would be no usage and returning to normal life would be impossible because people in society will no longer swear them and so will fall in in with other drug users, start condemnable activities to pay for their usage and accepting the incrimination of society ( UKDPC, 2010 ) . Stigma discourages households and persons from acquiring the support and intervention they require. Families suffer the impact when another household member has a drug usage ( UKDPC, 2009 ) and it alters all their societal invitations and friends that they one time had. Other household members will frequently retreat and kids will frequently be targeted by toughs. Stigma deprives people of their full interaction into society. The UK Drug Policy Commission ( UKDPC ) suggests that 1.5 Million people in the UK are affected by a relations drug usage. Supportive relationships are cardinal to a successful recovery. Carers UK commissioned a survey which estimated that carers in the UK made a part of ?87 billion in entire economic value in one twelvemonth. This may hold excluded many who have non come frontward with get bying with a relation who has a drug job but this gives us some indicant of the societal part probably to be made by the back uping households ( DrugScope/Adfam, 2009 ) . The drug user must hold finding and religion in making their ends and there will likely be reverses and barriers but with the support and part of societal workers, support groups, household and friends, this will assist towards the recovery procedure ( HM Government, 2010 ) . Families and relationships are cardinal issues for recovery and drug users improve when their household is behind them. They are more than probably to finish intervention and keep their new life styles ( Best A ; Laudet, 2010 ) . DrugScope published research in 2009 by questioning a random sample of over 1000 people aged 18 plus. The research published showed that one in five grownups had a personal experience of drug usage, either direct or indirect. The findings where: 19 % have personal experience of drug dependence either straight or among household or friends ; 1 in 10 grownups have a friend who has experience of drug dependence ; 1 in 20 have experienced drug dependence in their household ; 1 in 50 has personal experience of drug dependence. 77 % agree investing in drug intervention is reasonable usage of authorities money . The canvass found that 19 % either had direct or indirect personal experience of a household member or cognizing person within their circle of friends. 11 % were likely to hold a friend who has experienced drug dependence. 6 % had household members who were drug dependent, yet 2 % experienced the drug dependence themselves. These figures do propose that drug abuse and the dependence do impact many people s lives and is a societal job ( DrugScope, 2009 ) . Stigma to substance users will perchance do dependence recovery and intervention more hard. Substance users frequently manage in secret and would instead non seek out the intervention and unrecorded in denial. The University of Nevada studied 197 drug users on the affects of stigmatisation. This research identified that because of the usage of stigma they would go more dependent on their drug usage due to the perceived negativeness that the society had on drug users. 60 % of drug users in this survey felt that they were treated otherwise after people knew that they were a drug user. 46 % felt that others became afraid of them one time they found out and 45 % felt that their households gave up on them and wanted nil more to make with them. 38 % of their friends had rejected them and eventually, 14 % of employers paid a lower pay ( Addiction, 2010 ) . Users have no good ground to halt utilizing when you look at this research survey. This research identifies that stigma is conceptuality alone. Drug users besides had a more hard clip in intervention at wining when there were higher degrees of stigma. The survey besides showed that drug users frequently cope in secret due to their inability to openly discourse their dependence ; this caused hapless mental wellness and decreased their opportunities of recovery. By cut downing shame the society could assist in driving frontward in assisting the intervention of drug users who are non coming frontward due to stigma ( Addiction, 2010 ) . Stigmatizing is non merely found amongst the populace but besides by the professionals who may be working straight with them. Professionals, such as physicians and nurses, who work straight with drug users, will hold a greater penetration into the jobs that drug users face on a twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours footing. Miller et Al ( 2001 ) mentioned in UKDPC ( 2010:30 ) summarised research from the USA which showed an addition in negativity towards drug users. Two surveies of the intervention of jobs with drug users and drinkers both in the inmate attention and safety net exigency section showed that negative positions during preparation, continued when they became qualified and working within their pattern ( UKDPC, 2010 ) . Stigma between wellness professionals and the drug user will forestall them from seeking aid and may be one of the grounds as to why the drug user will non seek out the aid or medical intervention that they require ( Kelly A ; Westerhoff, 2010 ) . Everyone knows that it is incorrect to know apart, whether it is because of their race, civilization or faith. Substance usage is really common and is widely misunderstood. It is indispensable that we learn about the individual and dainty with self-respect and regard. This will so assist in stressing their abilities ( Mental Health and Recovery Board, 2009 ) . Public attitudes to drug dependence were explored in the UK in 2002 ( Luty A ; Grewal, 2002 ) . Results showed that 28 % regarded drug users as holding a mental wellness job. 38 % assumed that drug users were felons and 78 % to be fallacious and undependable. 30 % said that they deserved the bad luck that fell upon them. 62 % thought that the jurisprudence were excessively soft on drug users and 40 % believed that their kids should be taken into attention. It was concluded by Luty and Grewal, 2002, the consequences clearly indicate a negative position of drug nuts ( Luty A ; Grewal, 2002:94 ) . Yet, DrugScope in 2009 wanted to happen out the attitudes of the public towards drug users and drug intervention. They commissioned a canvass and the findings suggest that the populace to be really sympathetic than sometimes frequently assumed. 80 % of the people surveyed agreed that people can go addicted to drugs because of other jobs within their life . 35 % agreed that it was the persons mistake for drug usage and that there is no alibi. A big sum of respondents 88 % agreed that for the drug user to acquire back on path, they needed aid and support and 77 % holding that the investing of authorities money towards drug intervention is reasonable. This research showed a sympathetic response of the bulk of the people surveyed. Drug users are the most marginalised people in society where favoritism and stigma are cardinal into the barriers of having recovery. Two tierces in a recent canvass showed that employers would non use anyone with history of drug usage, even though they were suited for the occupation. Stigma and favoritism still remains a barrier to recovery and will clearly impact of them happening work. It will besides impact being housed suitably and accessing the health care that they need ( DrugScope, 2009 ) The things that we can make as practicians in assisting to get the better of the stigmatization is to hold a better apprehension of how hard it is for people to alter who may hold low self-efficacy. First feelings count and for a substance user, coming through the door is difficult plenty. The substance user will hold come because they are in a crisis and has realised it is clip for alteration ( Lecture Notes, 2012 ) . As societal workers we have to gain that prosecuting with the substance user will assist in the first stairss to recovery and aid in constructing relationships. Building regard and trust will forestall misinterpretations that may take to conflict. Having good communicating accomplishments is effectual and at the bosom of societal work. It is merely through our communicating accomplishments that we are able to understand the cognition of others and work efficaciously ( Trevithick, 2009 ) . It is of import to pass on as it helps in interchanging our ideas and feelings an d in organizing the foundation of a good relationship. Communication allows you to assist the substance user to be more receptive to the new thoughts by making an environment that they can swear and assist in developing declarations. To hold an unfastened and honest relationship, trust is of import in wining this. An understanding ideally should be met with the substance user about confidentiality. They have a right to cognize who will be able to entree any information about them ( Koprowska, 2010 ) . Motivational Interviewing is a good known theoretical account developed by William Miller in 1982. It is a theoretical account used with people to arouse alteration, particularly people who have debatable substance abuse. Motivational interviewing is a client-centred guidance manner and helps the service user to make their determinations about possible behavior alteration ( Nelson, 2012 ) . This theoretical account helps in placing and understanding the substance user s motive to alter and foreground to the client their sensed negatives and benefits of alteration. The rules of motivational interviewing are to show empathy, develop disagreement by assisting the client in increasing their consciousness of the effects of their behavior. Avoiding debate as it is them who are the expert. Roll with opposition by promoting the client to develop their ain statements. Resistance is normal if you are uncomfortable about something and in conclusion self efficaciousness by foregrounding the acco mplishments and the alterations they have already made ( Lecture Notes, 2012 ) . Measuring motive with the substance user and happening out at which stages they may be will assist in me placing where the substance user is in their dependence. A good known theoretical account called the rhythm of alteration developed by DiClemente and Prochaska ( 1982 ) represents the point at which the substance user base on ballss during their alteration in behavior. The different phases are: Pre-Contemplation, this is where the service user has no desire to alter. Contemplation, this is where the service user may be sing their state of affairs and is more cognizant of it. Preparation is where the service user makes a determination to alter their substance abuse. Action and this is where the service user takes stairss in conveying about alteration. Care is where they have stopped utilizing the drugs and moved to a more controlled and less harmful manner of utilizing and is keeping that alteration. Backsliding is where the service user will travel back to their old behavior and will hold to get down the Cycle of Change once more ( Teater, 2011:122 ) . The substance user may steal back or backsliding in to their old behavior because lasting behavior is really hard to alter, peculiarly with people who want to do alteration in substance abuse. This is really hard and may take several efforts ( Nelson, 2012 ) . Motivational interviewing will assist the substance user move through the phases of alteration. Having good active hearing accomplishment is of import and will assist in doing the substance user feel that he/she is being helped. Many people will experience encouraged when they have been genuinely listened to without break and will frequently go bucked up and empowered ( New Jersey Self-Help Group Clearinghouse ) . A good hearer allows the individual to acquire their ain narratives and sentiments across, which active hearing will let them to make so. If you interrupt, the individual will experience that they may non hold been listened to. They will non experience respected and may keep information through being cautious. It is of import to let them to cognize that you were listening and will assist in promoting them to go on speaking. Leaning frontward, keeping oculus contact will besides demo them you are interested in what they have to state ( MindTools, 2012 ) . You have to retrieve to non allow environmental factors distract you as this could do you lose focal point. Giving the substance user your undivided attending and acknowledge what they are stating. Using organic structure linguistic communication either by nodding on occasion, smiling and promoting the talker to go on by stating verbal remarks, such as yes and go on will promote the talker to go on by cognizing you are listening. Giving positive feedback by rephrasing e.g. What I am hearing is and It sounds like you are stating , are good ways of reflecting back and aid in clear uping certain points that the substance user may hold said and helps towards acquiring more background information. Paraphrasing besides helps in leting yourself to truly understand what has been said and helps the substance user know that they have been heard und understood right ( Koprowska, 2010 ) . Having the three nucleus conditions of guidance of empathy, regard and congruity will assist to heighten the substance user s motive to alter. Empathy allows seting you in another individual s places and holding a be tter apprehension of their feelings and emotions. You must disregard your ain perceptual experience of the state of affairs and accept their feelings and ideas. By making this does non intend that you accept the behavior they are making but means that you understand them. Congruity allows you to be yourself and that you are merely human and a existent individual. This will assist in cut downing the emphasis the substance user may hold. Having regard is accepting the individual for who they are irrespective of what the individual says or does. When others have perchance made that individual experience negative, it is really difficult for them to experience positive. Showing the substance user regard will demo willingness that you want to work with them, which will let them to turn assurance ( Trevithick, 2009 ) . Change is hard, so it is normal for the substance user to experience ambivalent. Using the Decisional Balance will assist in placing the positives and negatives of their behavior. If you are traveling to alter, you need a ground to and people change when the positives outweigh the negatives. We ever have to be cognizant of the short term or long term hazard factors including their degree of use and what type of drugs they are utilizing ( Miller A ; Rollnick, 2002 ) . Motivational interviewing helps the substance user in placing the importance of their behavior alteration and besides helps the practician aid in making so by heightening their motive. This theoretical account works good alongside the cycle of alteration as it is utile to measure where the substance user may be in their rhythm of alteration and aid in placing the schemes you may utilize ( Nelson, 2012 ) . In decision, if a individual does non conform to societal stereotypes, they are more than probably to be marginalised and bear stigma. Peoples with substance abuse are of all types and come from different backgrounds ( Pycroft, 2010 ) . Working with persons who are sing substance usage, it is of import to stay focused. Supplying changeless feedback and offering support will assist in prosecuting the drug user towards work outing the crisis the substance user may hold. Having a non-judgemental attitude underpins societal work along with empathy and protagonism ( Trevithick, 2009 ) . Peoples with substance abuse are frequently viewed as less worthy and meriting. Stigmatization can do bias, marginalization, favoritism and subjugation and is frequently reinforced by the media and even our ain households ( Theory and pattern, 2011 ) . Peoples who substance usage are frequently stigmatised and experience shameful of it and can go on if the substance user has had several efforts. When you a re ashamed of something and you unwrap it, it is really difficult particularly if you re diffident as to how the other individual is traveling to react. It is of import for myself to reflect upon my ain value base and biass that I may hold. Referances All about Addiction ( 2010 ) Addiction Stigma: devising dependence recovery, and dependence intervention entry, even harder. www.allaboutaddiction.com/addiction/addiction-stigma-making-addiction-recovery-harder ( accessed 16 November 2012 ) Best, D, . Laudet, A. B. ( 2010 ) The potency of recovery capital, Royal Society of Arts. DrugScope/Adfam ( 2009 ) Recovery and drug dependence: a new trade for households. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.adfam.org.uk/docs/recovery_dependency.pdf ( accessed 26 November 2012 ) DrugScope, ( 2009 ) Closer to place than you think : one in five grownups knows person with experience of drug dependence. London: DrugScope hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drugscope.org.uk/Media/Press+office/pressreleases/ICM_poll_results ( accessed 18 November 2012 ) Goffman, E. ( 1963 ) Stigma: notes on a spoilt individuality. Prentice-Hall. New York. Goffman, E. ( 1968 ) Stigma: notes on the direction of spoilt individuality. Harmondsworth: Penguin. HM Government, ( 2010 ) . Drug Strategy 2010: cut downing demand, curtailing supply, constructing recovery: back uping people to populate a drug free life . hypertext transfer protocol: //mhfe.org.uk/sites/default/files/shared/drug-strategy-2010.pdf ( accessed 26 November 2012 ) Kelly, J.F. and Westerhoff, C.M. ( 2010 ) . Does it count how we refer to persons withsubstance-related conditions? A randomised survey of two commonly used footings. International Journal of Drug Policy, 21 ( 3 ) , 202-7. Koprowska, J. ( 2010 ) . Communication and Interpersonal Skills in Social Work. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Lecture Notes ( 2012 ) Social Work with Substance Users: Assessment and Initial Intervention. Hull University. Luty, J. and Grewal, P. ( 2002 ) . A study of the British populace s attitudes towards drug Dependence . Journal of Substance Use, 7, 93-5. Mental Health and Recovery Board ( 2009 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mhrbeo.org/stigma.html ( accessed 20 November 2012 ) Mind Tools ( 2012 ) . Active Listening. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mindtools.com/CommSkll/ActiveListening.htm ( accessed 26 November 2012 ) Miller, W, . Rollnick, S. ( 2002 ) Motivational Interviewing: preparing people for alteration. New York: Guildford Press. Nelson, Anna ( 2012 ) Social Work with Substance Users, London: Sage Publications Ltd. New Jersey Self-Help Group Clearinghouse. Improving your listening Skills . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mededfund.org/NJgroups/Listening_Skills.pdf ( accessed26 November 2012 ) . Pierson, J. , Thomas, M. ( 2010 ) Dictionary of Social Work. England: Open University Press. Pycroft, A. ( 2010 ) Understanding and Working with Substance Misusers. London: Sage Prochaska, J. , DiClemente, C. 1982 ) Transheoretical therapy: Towards a more integrative theoretical account of alteration , Theory, Research and Practice, 19:276-88. Maclean, S, . Harrison, R. ( 2011 ) . Theory and Practice: A straightforward Guide for Social Work Students. Great Britain: Kirwin Maclean Associates Ltd. Trevithick, p. ( 2009 ) Social Work Skills: a pattern enchiridion. England: Open University Press UKDPC ( 2008 ) Working Towards Recovery . London: UK Drug Policy Commission. hypertext transfer protocol: //ukdpc.org.uk/publications.shtml # employment_report ( accessed 15 November 2012 ) . UK Drug Policy Commission ( 2009 ) . Adult Family Members and Carers of Dependant Drug Users: Prevalence, societal cost, resource nest eggs and intervention responses. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ukdpc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Evidence % 20review % 20- % 20Adult % 20family % 20members % 20and % 20carers % 20of % 20dependent % 20drug % 20users_ % 20prevalence, % 20social % 20cost, % 20resource % 20savings % 20and % 20treatment % 20responses.pdf ( accessed 26 November 2012 ) UKDPC ( 2010 ) Getting serious about Stigma: the job with stigmatizing drug users. London: UK Drug Policy Commission. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ukdpc.org.uk/publication/getting-serious-about-stigma-problem-stigmatising ( accessed 15 November 2012 ) . UKDPC ( 2010 ) Sinning and Sinned Against: The Stigmatisation of Problem Drug Users. London: UKDPC hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ukdpc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Policy % 20report % 20- % 20Sinning % 20and % 20sinned % 20against_ % 20the % 20stigmatisation % 20of % 20problem % 20drug % 20users.pdf ( accessed 18 November 2012 ) Trevithick, P. ( 2009 ) Social Work Skills: a pattern enchiridion. England: Open University Press. Teater, B. ( 2011 ) Using Social Work Theories and Methods, England: Open University Press.

Essay on Lunacies of Catch-22 Essays - Yossarian, Catch-22

Essay on Lunacies of Catch-22 Essays - Yossarian, Catch-22 Essay on Lunacies of Catch-22 english essay on lunacies of catch-22 Joseph Heller, in his Catch-22, satirizes the lunacies and catches of war and the military. This world which Yossarian and Milo inhabit is a game to be played very carefully. That the craziness of war is a game can be supported by the fact that Milo and Yossarian both win, but each having and utilizing a different strategy. "Milo and Yossarian came from fundamentally different con-man traditions, both pressed into new extremes. The contrast in styles can be summed up by saying that Milo is serious but covert and that Yossarian is open but playful." Throughout the novel, Milo makes headway by his manipulations and fast talk. He makes himself invaluable to Colonel Cathcart by forcing him to realize that he is irreplaceable. He manipulates himself into a position of acting as a lifeline to the base by appealing to the weaknesses of his superior officers. Cunningly he maneuvers himself into power and becomes the most influential person in the entire scope of operations. However, he loses the sense of the game; he becomes so wrapped up in gaining position, he loses his sense of awareness and becomes singularly concerned with money and power. Yossaarian, on the other hand, remains openly defiant of the game but succeeds at it because of his playfulness. He attends a march stark naked, openly aborts missions, and obviously fakes illness to escape "the game." In doing this he makes his points and accomplishes his goals but only because of his playfulness. Yossarian made real headway upon his temporary repression of his ideals and principles but realizing his mistake changed his mind. He could not manipulate his beliefs as Milo does but could not advance with open, serious defiance and strict adherence to his principles. Yossarian sacrificed his only straightforward chance to escape the crazy "game" because of his beliefs. The craziness of this game and the winding paths that Yossarian and Milo follow to no particular end are what signified Catch-22 as a classic anti-realistic novel. Both characters are thrust into the same situation and are forced to make the best of it. The choices they make and the routes they follow through life determine their outcome.

Profile of Idaho Teen Killer Sarah Johnson

Profile of Idaho Teen Killer Sarah Johnson Sarah Johnson was 16 years old when she shot and killed her parents with a high-powered rifle because they did not approve of her 19-year-old boyfriend. Victims Alan, 46, and Diane Johnson, 52, lived in an attractive home that sat on two acres of land in an affluent suburb in the small community of Bellevue, Idaho. They had been married for 20 years and were devoted to each other and their two children, Matt and Sarah. The Johnsons were well liked in the community. Alan was the co-owner of a popular landscaping company, and Diane worked for a financial firm. The Crime In the early morning hours of September 2, 2003, Sarah Johnson ran out of her home, screaming for help. She told neighbors that her parents had just been murdered. When police arrived, they found Diane Johnson lying under the covers of her bed, dead from a shotgun blast that had removed most of her head. Alan Johnson was found lying next to the bed, dead from a gunshot wound to his chest. The shower was running, and Alan’s body was wet. Based on wet, bloody footprints and blood splatters, it appeared that he had stepped out of the shower and was then shot, but managed to walk towards Diane before collapsing and bleeding to death. The Crime Scene The police immediately secured the crime scene including sectioning off an entire block around the house. In a trashcan outside of the Johnson’s home, investigators found a bloody pink bathrobe and two gloves. One was a left-handed leather glove, and the other was a right-handed latex glove. Inside the home detectives found a trail of blood spatters, tissue and bone fragments that went from the Johnson’s bedroom, into the hall, and across to Sarah Johnson’s bedroom. A .264 Winchester Magnum rifle was found in the master bedroom. Two butcher knives, with the tips of the blades touching, had been placed on the end of the Johnson’s bed. A magazine of bullets was also found in Sarah’s bedroom, which was located around 20 feet across the hall from the Johnsons bedroom. There was no evidence of forced entry into the home. Sarah Johnson Talks to Police When Sarah Johnson first talked to the police, she said that she woke up around 6:15 a.m. and heard her parents shower running. She continued to lie in bed but then heard two gunshots. Sarah Johnson ran to her parent’s bedroom and found that their door was closed. She did not open the door, but rather called for her mother who did not answer. Frightened, she ran out of the house and began screaming for help. The Story Changes Her story of what happened would change several times throughout the investigation. Sometimes she said her parent’s door was slightly opened and other times she said her door was closed, but not her parent’s door. Based on the forensic evidence found in the hall and Sarah’s bedroom, both her door and her parent’s door would have to have been opened. Sarah also admitted that the pink robe was hers, but denied knowing anything about how it ended up in the trash. When first asked about the robe her first response was to say that she did not kill her parents, which investigators found odd. She said she thought the killer was a maid who had been recently fired by the Johnsons for stealing. The Murder Weapon The owner of the rifle used to kill the Johnsons belonged to Mel Speegle, who was renting a garage apartment in a guesthouse located on the Johnson’s property. He was away over the Labor Day weekend and had not yet returned home on the day of the murders. When questioned, he told police that the rifle was kept in an unlocked closet in his apartment. Infatuation and Obsession Sarah Johnson was described by neighbors and friends as a sweet girl who enjoyed playing volleyball. But another Sarah had emerged over the summer months. One that seemed infatuated and obsessed with her 19-year-old boyfriend, Bruno Santos Dominguez. Sarah and Dominguez had been dating for three months before the murder of her parents. The Johnsons did not approve of the relationship because Dominguez was 19 and an undocumented Mexican immigrant. He also had a reputation for being involved in drugs. Close friends of Sarah’s said that a few days before the Johnson’s murder, Sarah showed them a ring and told them that she and Dominguez were engaged. They also said that Sarah often lied, so they did not completely buy into what Sarah was saying about her engagement. Days Leading up to the Murder On August 29, Sarah told her parents that she was spending the night with friends, but instead, she spent the night with Dominguez. When her parents found out, her father went to look for her the next day and found her with Bruno at his family’s apartment. Sarah and her parents argued, and Sarah told them about her engagement. Diane was very upset and said that she was going to go to the authorities and report Dominguez for statutory rape. If nothing else, she hoped to have him deported. They also grounded Sarah for the rest of the Labor Day weekend and took her car keys. During the following days Sarah, who had a key to Speegle’s apartment, was in and out of the guesthouse for various reasons. Both Diane and Sarah called Matt Johnson, who was away at college, on the night before the murders. Matt said his mother cried about Sarahs relationship with Dominguez and expressed how embarrassed she felt by Sarahs actions. Uncharacteristically, Sarah seemed to accept her parents punishment and told Matt that she knew what they were up to. Matt did not like how the comment sounded and almost called his mother back, but decided not to because it was so late. The next day the Johnsons were dead. DNA Evidence DNA testing showed that blood and tissue belonged to Diane on Sarah’s pink robe, along with DNA that matched Sarah. Gunshot residue was found on the leather glove, and Sarah’s DNA was found inside of the latex glove. Diane’s DNA was also found in the blood that was on the socks Sarah was wearing on the morning her parents were killed. Sarah Johnson is Arrested On October 29, 2003, Sarah Johnson was arrested and charged as an adult on two counts of first-degree murder to which she pleaded not guilty. Nancy Grace Helped Prosecutors One of the big problems that the prosecution had with a major piece of evidence had to do with the pattern of blood splatters found on the pink robe. Most of the blood was on the left sleeve and the back of the robe. If Sarah put the robe on before shooting her parents, how did so much blood get on the back? While the prosecution was struggling to put together a viable explanation for the location of the blood on the robe, Sarahs defense lawyer, Bob Pangburn happened to appear as a guest on the Nancy Grace Current Affairs program. Nancy Grace asked Pangburn about the blood on the robe, and he said it showed possible contamination of evidence and that it actually could help exonerate Sarah Johnson. Nancy Grace offered another explanation. She suggested that if Sarah wanted to protect her body and clothing from blood splatter, that she could have put the robe on backward. Doing that would act as a shield, and the blood would then end up on the back of the robe. Rod Englert and other members of the prosecution team happened to be watching the program, and Graces theory provided them with a reasonable scenario that would result in the blood patterns that were on the robe. Court Testimony During the trial, there was a lot of testimony about Sarah Johnson’s inappropriate behavior and lack of emotions about the brutal murder of her parents. Neighbors and friends who offered comfort to Sarah on the day her parents were killed said that she was more concerned about seeing her boyfriend. She also did not seem traumatized, which would be expected if a teen went through the experience that she had inside the house when her parents were gunned down. At her parents funeral, she talked about wanting to play volleyball that evening and any sadness that she displayed seemed superficial. Witnesses also testified about the troubled relationship between Sarah and her mother, but many also added that it was not that unusual for a girl her age to fight with their mother. However, her half-brother, Matt Johnson, gave some of the most insightful testimony about Sarah, although it also proved to be some of the most damaging. Johnson described her as a drama queen and a good actor who had the propensity to lie. During part of his two-hour testimony, he said that the first thing Sarah told him when he arrived at their home after finding out his parent’s had been murdered, was that the police thought that she did it. He told her he thought Dominguez did it, which she vehemently denied. She said that Dominguez loved Alan Johnson like a father. Matt knew this was not true. She also told him that at 2 a.m. on the night before the murders, that someone had been to the house. Her parents checked the yard to make sure no one was out there before they went back to bed. She had not provided this information to the police. Regardless Matt did not believe her but did not challenge what she was saying. In the weeks after the murders, Matt testified that he avoided asking his sister about the murders because he was afraid of what she might tell him. The "No Blood, No Guilt" Defense Some of the strongest points that Sarah’s defense team made during her trial had to do with the lack of biological matter found on Sarah or her clothing. Investigators found nothing in her hair, hands, or anywhere else. Experts testified that with Diane having been shot at such close range, it would be impossible for the shooter to avoid being sprayed with blood and tissue and yet none was found on Sarah who underwent two complete physical exams on the day of the murders. Her fingerprints were also not found on the bullets, rifle or the knives.  However, there was one unidentified print found on the rifle. The testimony of cellmates of Sarahs who testified about some of the damaging comments she made regarding the murders was challenged. One cellmate said that Sarah said the knives were placed on the bed to throw off the police and make it look like a gang-related shooting. The defense fought to have the testimonies thrown out because the cellmates were adults and the law forbids incarcerated minors to be housed with adults. The judge did not agree, stating that if Sarah could be tried as an adult, she could be housed with adult prisoners. The defense team also questioned Matt Johnson about the life insurance money he would get if Sarah were out of the picture, insinuating that he had a lot to gain if Sarah was found guilty. The Verdict and Sentencing The jury deliberated for 11 hours before finding Sarah Johnson guilty on two counts of murder in the first degree. She was sentenced to two fixed life prison terms, plus 15 years, without the possibility of parole. She was also fined $10,000, of which $5,000 was allocated to go to Matt Johnson. Appeals Efforts for a new trial were turned down in 2011. A hearing was granted for November 2012, based on the possibility that new DNA and fingerprint technology that was not available during Sarah Johnsons trial may prove that she is innocent. Attorney Dennis Benjamin and the Idaho Innocence Project took on her case pro bono in 2011. On February 18, 2014, the Idaho Supreme Court  rejected Johnsons appeal.

2 Questions about The Road Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 Questions about The Road - Essay Example The sun is permanently hidden behind the clouds, as are the moon and stars. Everything, everywhere has been burned, turning the world into black and grey underneath a ‘sullen’ light that casts only feeble shadows at its peak. There are no animals, no plants and very few people. What life does survive is scarce and desperate, willing to commit atrocities upon one another for the simple necessity of food or clean water. â€Å"The world shrinking down about a raw core of parsible entities. The names of things slowly following those things into oblivion. Colors. The names of birds. Things to eat. Finally the names of things one believed to be true. More fragile than he would have thought† (McCarthy 75). The bond between the father and son is thus predicated on surviving in this very harsh environment where all they have is each other and the knowledge still stored in the father’s mind from the time before the disaster. The man is forced to adapt to an entirely foreign world despite all his conceptions of a better place while his son is enlightened by his father’s confusion. The man’s reluctance to accept the reality before him forces him to feel pity for the young son. This is obvious in the touching scene when he finds the can of Coke. â€Å"[H]e put his thumbnail under the aluminum clip on the top of the can and opened it. He leaned his nose to the slight fizz coming from the can and then handed it to the boy. †¦ You drink it †¦ It’s because I won’t ever get to drink another one, isn’t it?† (McCarthy 20). As the man comes to realize, the world he remembers will never be anything more than a fantasy world to his son, a place of unrealizable possibilities for which the son must ultimately pity the father for having lost. Although the man and the boy consider themselves the good guys, defenders of the old knowledge and the bonds of enlightenment, there are also

Reflection Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Reflection Paper - Assignment Example Moreover, the massive industrialization that has characterized the 21st century has led to pollution of the environment which on the other hand has resulted in the climatic changes that have given rise to health complications such as cancers and other chronic illness that have become lifestyle diseases among the members of the society (Butts & Rich, 2005). To combat this rise in illness and other health related complications health agencies and governments have come up with elaborate strategies that are aimed at ensuring effective mitigation strategies are implemented are in place to ensure those complications do not eat up the entire humanity and hence they have come up with specialized programmes that are meant to educate and offer medical attention to the people to help get rid of those complications (Mauk & Schmidt, 2004). Nursing is a very competitive field that is constantly changing to be at par with the current health care related unfolding in the world. Thus as a registered nurse it will be my duty to ensure I strive to advance my education to gather more skills and knowledge in the field not only for accreditation purposes and job rank advancement but to enable me be at a better position to solve the health problems that the society is facing in the twenty-first century (Judd & Davis, 2010). The current nursing practice that I am doing is just the starting point which serves to motivate me to achieve higher academic qualifications to help me be more knowledgeable and in the process I should be in a modest position to solve health related complication that are among the people (Mauk & Schmidt, 2004). That notwithstanding, nursing is an holistic service that should be done to save humanity and not only for financial reasons, thus to ensure that the services that are offered to the clients are of the best quality

Analytical reflection on three actual events Essay

Analytical reflection on three actual events - Essay Example However, RO was no less fun. In-game towns and cities were jam-packed with players at any given time. In fact, the Chaos server in particular often had literally over 9,000 people from all walks of life and of all ages playing at a given moment. The diversity of the community, as can still be seen on the Ragnaboards, coupled with a simple yet addictive gameplay interface, was what hooked me – the first two months of my stay were spent leveling up my character. Alas, it was not meant to be; I ended up quitting after getting a first-hand experience of Level Up’s lack of customer care. I logged in one day to find my character stripped bare – all the gear and the loot I had hunted for disappeared. When I filed a complaint to their Customer Service, they refused to compensate my loss – this angered me to the point of quitting. Sadly, Level Up seemed to have deteriorated even further from there. Over time, hacking and scamming alike increasingly fell on deaf ears. Bots – 3rd party programs used by players to gain an unfair advantage – while ostensibly illegal, were no longer being addressed. Next thing I knew, Level Up legalised botting (MPC Forums, 2005). The overwhelming number of other reports such as item duplication made it worse. It still makes me sad sometimes. I loved the game, but the company’s utter disregard for its customers in the name of money turned me off – the legalisation of botting in order to maximise their income by way of prepaid cards attests to this. Considering how much prosperity RO and its players brought to Level Up, one would think these customers deserved better treatment. Feminism, as the word implies, entails the defense of women’s rights. As further explained by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 2003), some writers use the word in reference to specific American and European movements whereas others equate it with the belief that

Foreign Direct Investment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foreign Direct Investment - Term Paper Example The power theory  explains why a firm will invest abroad, it is a classical theory developed by the work of Adam Smith who stated that as firms grow and profits increase foreign direct investment enable the firm to shift surplus capital by investing elsewhere, the firm will also invest abroad due to increased competition in the home country and therefore decides to invest abroad where there is low competition. The work of Karl Marx also explains the existence of foreign direct investment, according to Marx as the rate of consumption in the home country decreases the profits of the firm declines and for this reason, the firm will invest abroad for the reason of increasing consumption levels and profit levels.   Therefore a firm according to this macroeconomic theory will invest abroad due to their abundance in capital and they will invest in the country which uses labor-intensive means of production in order to increase profits as the cost of production is lower, the firm will find it more advantageous to invest in a country where labor cost is lower as the cost of labor in the home country is higher than the country abroad.  Ã‚   investing overseas, the firm which invests in other countries will experience economies of scale by investing in other countries which will be experienced due to the intangible assets that they possess, such intangible resources include skilled management and organizational know-how which aid in experiencing the economies of scale when they invest abroad. The firms, therefore, will experience economies of scale in the market abroad due to their possession of technological know-how whereby they will be in a position to reduce their cost of production.   Location advantage theory: This theory explains the product cycle which involves the production of new products using new technology and this products are first introduced to the home market, by investing abroad therefore the firm will be in a position to easily shift the production of these new products due to the nearness to the market abroad and also low cost of factors of production.

Analysis of Jelly Belly Candy Company Assignment

Analysis of Jelly Belly Candy Company - Assignment Example Proof-of-concept, as used in the paper refers to the necessity to proof or ascertain that a system under consideration is viable (Blount and Lamm 356). Jelly Belly management had a plan to improve their sales and marketing practices through adoption of an appropriate customer relations technological system. As a result, they acquired a CRM system but few months after its integration, the system even failed to form a viable interface with the Enterprise Resource Planning (EPR). Consequently, Jelly Belly approached Microsoft for a new CRM system. This time, they need a preliminary certainty that this new system will serve the intended purpose. Therefore, Jelly Belly consulted Webfortis to establish a proof-of-concept that the new system met all standards required for optimal performance. Jelly Belly can now manage its current customer base using information obtained from the new system. In the past, the company could lose any type of customer within their selling and purchase processes . However, the new customer relations package enables managers to identify speciality customers responsible for the voluminous purchase of their products (Blount and Lamm 357). Consequently, this new package allows sales managers to develop longer relations with speciality clients; hence reducing customer defection. As a Jelly Belly human resource manager, I would consider selecting hiring and training skilled and productive sales persons into the company’s sales team. The reason is that Jelly Belly has the requisite information on customers; hence skilled salespersons could utilize this information in improving sales through actions like direct marketing. The main reason why Jelly Belly failed in accounting for undesirable customer patterns was as a result of inefficient customer relationship culture. Jelly Belly had not employed the use of technological tools in acquiring relevant information concerning the nature of their client base. In the past, the company could lose any type of customer within their selling and purchase processes. However, the new customer relations package enables managers to identify speciality customers responsible for the voluminous purchase of their products.  

Foreign Direct Investment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foreign Direct Investment - Term Paper Example The power theory  explains why a firm will invest abroad, it is a classical theory developed by the work of Adam Smith who stated that as firms grow and profits increase foreign direct investment enable the firm to shift surplus capital by investing elsewhere, the firm will also invest abroad due to increased competition in the home country and therefore decides to invest abroad where there is low competition. The work of Karl Marx also explains the existence of foreign direct investment, according to Marx as the rate of consumption in the home country decreases the profits of the firm declines and for this reason, the firm will invest abroad for the reason of increasing consumption levels and profit levels.   Therefore a firm according to this macroeconomic theory will invest abroad due to their abundance in capital and they will invest in the country which uses labor-intensive means of production in order to increase profits as the cost of production is lower, the firm will find it more advantageous to invest in a country where labor cost is lower as the cost of labor in the home country is higher than the country abroad.  Ã‚   investing overseas, the firm which invests in other countries will experience economies of scale by investing in other countries which will be experienced due to the intangible assets that they possess, such intangible resources include skilled management and organizational know-how which aid in experiencing the economies of scale when they invest abroad. The firms, therefore, will experience economies of scale in the market abroad due to their possession of technological know-how whereby they will be in a position to reduce their cost of production.   Location advantage theory: This theory explains the product cycle which involves the production of new products using new technology and this products are first introduced to the home market, by investing abroad therefore the firm will be in a position to easily shift the production of these new products due to the nearness to the market abroad and also low cost of factors of production.

Textual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Textual Analysis - Essay Example Conflicts were caused by Callicles’ soul, which lacked harmony; thereby, establishing elements that imposed constraints to Socratic Method. There were claims made by Callicles indicating that there was a form of opposition facilitated by these methods to conventions, nature and law. Nevertheless, Socrates is characterized by other notion that establishes a perception that is contrary to this opposition. In fact, this is based on the Callicles definition of strength or superiority. Therefore, this paper analyzes dispute between Socrates and Callicles in relation to their characteristics as triumphant political leaders, thereby determining whom Kreon from â€Å"Antigone† would agree with. Kreone became the king after deaths of Eteocles and Polyneices, who were brothers; in fact, they killed each other after a conflict that involved the throne. Nevertheless, Kreone offered Eteocles honourable burial, while Polyneices was eaten by vultures. In this case Antigone does not agrees with the actions of Kreon citing reasons that Polyneices was entitled to a reasonable burial. In fact, Antigone suggests that her sister Ismene would have buried him; instead, she decided to refrain since she never wanted to disobey Kreon. Antigone made a decision to bury her brother, but Kreon discovered that Polyneices has been buried and decided to send people to uncover his body. Furthermore, Antigone made efforts to bury her brother’s body against Kreon’s will, and this led to a death sentence. Consequently, this sentence angers Kreon’s son who was engaged to Antigone2. Finally, Antigone decided to commit suicide due to the death sentence, and this led to a loss for Kre on since his son stabbed himself to death due Antigones death; in fact, the death of his son led to the decision of Kreon to commit suicide by slitting her throat. Kreon has depicted through a character defined by pride and vengeance through his decision to deny Polyneices honourable burial. On the

Question Bank Essay Example for Free

Question Bank Essay What is Software Development Life Cycle? (SDLC) (2 mks) System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the overall process of developing information systems through a multi-step process from investigation of initial requirements through analysis, design, implementation and maintenance. b) Draw a diagram for pure waterfall life cycle. (5 mks) [pic] c)Explain the different phases involved in waterfall life cycle. (8 mks) Phase I – Modeling Phase In this phase we view the software product as part of a larger system or organization where the product is required. This is basically a system view where all the system elements are created. Phase II – Software Requirements Analysis Here we have a phase where the requirements are gathered. The information domain for the software is understood. The function, behaviour, performance and interfacing of the software are determined. The requirements of the software and the customer are decided upon. Phase III – Design This determines the data structures, the software architecture, the interface representations and the procedural (algorithmic) detail that goes into the software. Phase IV – Code Generation Here the actual programming is done to obtain the machine code; it is an implementation of the design. Phase V – Testing The testing is a process that goes hand in hand with the production of the machine code. There are a number of testing strategies. First unit testing is done and then integration testing. Alpha testing is to see if the software is as per the analysis model whereas beta testing is to see if the software is what the customer wanted. Phase VI – Installation The software is released to the customer. Phase VII Maintenance This is the largest phase of the software life cycle. Maintenance can be of different types: to modify the software as the requirements of the customer evolve, to remove the residual bugs in the software etc. 2)What is feasibility study? What are the contents we should contain in the feasibility report? (5 mks) A feasibility study is an initial look at an existing information processing system to decide how it might be computerized or improved. The contents that a feasibility report are: †¢ A statement of purpose of the system. †¢ A definition of system scope. †¢ A list of deficiencies of the current system. †¢ A statement of user requirements. The cost and benefits of development. †¢ A conclusion and recommendations. 3)What are the purposes of Data Flow diagrams, Entity-Relationship diagrams? Give an example diagram of each. (10 mks) Data Flow Diagrams Data Flow diagrams are a means of representing a system at any level of detail with a graphic network of symbols showing data flows, data stores, data processes, and data sources/destinations. The purpose of data flow diagrams is to provide a semantic bridge between users and systems developers. The diagrams are: †¢ Graphical Eliminating thousands of words; Logical representations Modeling WHAT a system does, rather than physical models showing HOW it does it †¢ Hierarchical showing systems at any level of detail; and †¢ Jargonless allowing user understanding and reviewing. [pic] Entity Relationship Diagram E-R Diagram is a graphical representation of the data layout of a system at a high level of abstraction. It defines data elements and their inter-relationships in the system [pic] 4)What is data modeling? Give 5 examples for data modeling. (5 mks) Data modeling is the act of exploring data-oriented structures. Like other modeling artifacts data models can be used for a variety of purposes, from high-level conceptual models to physical data models. From the point of view of an object-oriented developer, data modeling is conceptually similar to class modeling. With data modeling you identify entity types whereas with class modeling you identify classes. Data attributes are assigned to entity types just as you would assign attributes and operations to classes. Examples for data modeling include: †¢ Entity-Relationship diagrams †¢ Entity-Definition reports †¢ Entity and attributes report †¢ Table definition report Relationships, inheritance, composition and aggregation. 5)What is the difference between SRS document and design document? What are the contents we should contain in the SRS document and design document. SRS Document SRS document is a contract between the development team and the customer. Once the SRS document is approved by the customer, any subsequent controversies are settled by referring the SRS document. SRS document defines the customer’s requirements in terms of Functions, performance, external interfaces and design constraints. SRS Includes: †¢ Functional †¢ Non functional User †¢ Interface †¢ System Design Document The purpose of a design is to describe how the enhancements will be incorporated into the existing project. It should contain samples of the finished product. This could include navigational mechanism screenshots, example reports, and component diagrams. Design Includes: †¢ E-R Diagrams †¢ Data flow diagrams †¢ Data Dictionary 6)Explain all the phases involved in the implementation phase. (10 mks) Conduct system Test In this test software packages and in – house programs have been installed and tested, we need to conduct a final system test. All software packages, custom- built programs, and many existing programs that comprise the new system must be tested to ensure that they all work together This task involves analysts, owners, users, and builders. Prepare Conversion Plan On successful completion of system test, we can begin preparations to place the new system into operation. Using the design specifications for the new system, the system analyst will develop a detailed conversion plan. This plan will identify Database to be installed, end – user training and documentation that needed to be developed, and a strategy for converting from the old system to the new system. The conversion plan may include one of the following commonly used installation strategies 1)  Abrupt Cut-over 2)  Parallel Conversion 3)  Location Conversion 4) Staged Conversion Install Databases In the previous phase we built and tested the database. To place the system into operation we need fully loaded databases. The purpose of this task is to populate the new systems databases with existing database from the old system. System builders play a primary role in this activity. Train Users Converting to a new system necessitates that system users be trained and provided with documentation that guides them through using the new system. Training can be performed one on one; however group training is preferred. This task will be completed by the system analysts and involves system owners and users. Convert to New System Conversion to the new system from old system is a significant milestone. After conversion, the ownership of the system officially transfers from the analysts and programmers to the end users. The analyst completes this task by carrying out the conversion plan Recall that the conversion plan includes detailed installation strategies to follow for converting from the existing to the new production information system. This task involves the system owners, users, analysts, designers, and builders. 7)List and explain different types of testing done during the testing phase. (10 mks) Unit Involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. Unit testing involves the use of debugging technology and testing techniques at an application component level and is typically the responsibility of the developers, not the QA staff. Integration As the system is integrated, it is tested by the system developer for specification compliance. †¢Concerned with testing the system as it is integrated from its components †¢Integration testing is normally the most expensive activity in the systems integration process †¢Should focus on: †¢Interface testing where the interactions between sub-systems and components are tested †¢Property testing where system properties such as reliability, performance and usability are tested System Testing the system as a whole to validate that it meets its specification and the objectives of its users. The testing of a complete system prior to delivery. The purpose of system testing is to identify defects that will only surface when a complete system is assembled. That is, defects that cannot be attributed to individual components or the interaction between two components. System testing includes testing of performance, security, configuration sensitivity, startup and recovery from failure modes. Involves test cases designed to validate that an application and its supporting hardware/software components are properly processing business data and transactions. System testing requires the use of regression testing techniques to validate that business functions are meeting defined requirements. Black Box This is testing without knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested. For example, when black box testing is applied to software engineering, the tester would only know the legal inputs and what the expected outputs should be, but not how the program actually arrives at those outputs. It is because of this that black box testing can be considered testing with respect to the specifications, no other knowledge of the program is necessary. For this reason, the tester and the programmer can be independent of one another, avoiding programmer bias toward his own work. White Box Also known as glass box, structural, clear box and open box testing. White Box is a software testing technique whereby explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested are used to select the test data. Unlike Black Box testing, white box testing uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs. The test is accurate only if the tester knows what the program is supposed to do. He or she can then see if the program diverges from its intended goal. White box testing does not account for errors caused by omission, and all visible code must also be readable. 8)List and explain all the phases involved in the construction phase. (10 mks) Build and Test Networks †¢ In many cases new or enhanced applications are built around existing networks. If so there is no problem. †¢ However if the new application calls for new or modified networks they must normally be implemented before building and testing databases and writing or installing computer programs that will use those networks. This phase involves analysts, designers and builders †¢ A network designer and network administrator assume the primary responsibility for completing this task. Build and Test Databases †¢ This task must immediately precede other programming activities because databases are the resource shared by the computer programs to be written. If new or modified databases are required for the new system, we can now build and test those databases. †¢ This task involves system users, analysts, designers, and builders. †¢ The same system specialist that designed the database will assume the primary responsibility in completing this task Install and Test New Software Packages †¢ Some systems solutions may have required the purchase or lease of software packages. If so, once networks and databases for the new system have been built, we can install and test the new software. †¢ This activity typically involves systems analysts, Designers, builders, vendors and consultants. Write and Test New Programs †¢ In this phase we are ready to develop any programs for the new system. Prototype programs are frequently constructed in the design phase. However, these prototypes are rarely fully functional or incomplete. This task involves the system analysts, designers and builders. 9)What is data conversion? Why is it necessary? Data Conversion is the changing of the data structure to accommodate new or different needs for the data. Different operating systems have different application software, and each application normally has its own internal way of saving data. There are some standards such as CSV files for databases and RTF files for word processing text, however, these are few and far between and often only save the basic information rather than the full structure. 10)What is change management? Computer based systems are dynamic. As the business Environment changes, there is a need of some changes to the information system. The changes occur not only during the study, design, and development phases of the life cycle of the system. In this process there are two elements that are essential to the management of change. †¢ The performance review board, which can make management–level decisions about system modifications. †¢ Baseline documentation, which can be referred to, to determine the extent and impact of proposed modifications. 11)What is user acceptance testing? Explain different testings in user acceptance testing. Why is it necessary? User Acceptance Testing is a phase of software development in which the software is tested in the real world by the intended audience. Different testings are: Alpha Testing Alpha testing is the software prototype stage when the software is first able to run. It will not have all the intended functionality, but it will have core functions and will be able to accept inputs and generate outputs. An alpha test usually takes place in the developers offices on a separate system. Beta Testing The beta phase of software design exposes a new product, which has just emerged from in-house (alpha) testing, to a large number of real people, real hardware, and real usage. Beta testing is not a method of getting free software long-term, because the software expires shortly after the testing period. User acceptance testing is used to know if the system is working or not (both clients ; in-house) 12)What are functional and non-functional requirements? Functional †¢ How the system should react to the particular inputs †¢ How the system should behave to the particular situations †¢ What the system should not do Non functional †¢ Constraints on the services or functions †¢ Time constraints †¢ Constraints on the development process 13)Explain the steps involved in the prototyping 1. Define the goal and purpose of the prototyping. 2. Make plans for iterations (number, range) and evaluations (dates). 3. Transform the conceptual design to a first outline of the user interface and a first synopsis for the users’ information. 4. Design the paper prototype. 5. Let domain experts review the paper prototype regarding completeness and correctness. 6. Test the prototype’s usability.

The Self Reflection Paper English Language Essay

The Self Reflection Paper English Language Essay Since a young boy, I have always listened to my mothers advice or orders. She is the one who taught me at home, commanded me to do things, and especially punished me when I did something wrong, or forgot doing what she had told me to do. When punishing me, she always said, Next time, listen to me carefully. Therefore, to avoid the punishment, I always tried to listen to her attentively and to do what she asked me to do, and that affects my learning style today, in particular one in learning English. As I have recognized, I learn most by carefully listening to the lectures before I start doing things. But that is not the only learning style of mine. Trying to think hard to find the logical reasons is also another way that makes me learn most. In other words, my learning styles are Abstract Conceptualization and Reflective Observation, the combination of which is called Assimilator (Kolb, 1985). However, it depends on subject matters. For some particular learning activities, the most e ffective way to get the knowledge for me is to do and practice them, which Kolb (1985) refers to Active Experimentation. In terms of learning English, I will talk about my experience at Institute of Foreign Languages (IFL). Since the first year, when learning the content-based subjects, such as Introduction to Environment, Introduction to Sociology, Global Studies, and Literature studies, I have always tried to carefully listen to the lectures, and take some notes since they are always been the most effective for me to understand the lessons. In addition, when reading the textbooks, for the exam in particular, I usually do not try to memorize things, but to think critically to figure out the logical reasons or ways to explain them although they are the key terms. Trying to reason something or find ways to explain it always makes me understand the lesson more deeply and remember it longer. Memorization usually does not work with me. Some students may learn most by actually doing or experimenting thing right away, but I am not that kind. I like to study the whole thing, or observe people doing things first before I start doing myself. In learning grammar in Core English, for instance, I like deductive method by starting to study the rules and the usages of the grammar points before doing the exercises. At the same time, I also use inductive method whenever possible to create my own theories to understand or memorize the grammar points. For example, when learning the adjectives order, opinion + size + quality/character + age + shape + color + participles + origin + material + type + purpose (Foley Hall, 2003, p. 219), I try to create my own ways to memorize the order, by taking the initial(s) of each word, and cluster them. It becomes OS QASh CPOM TY. These clusters are those that are familiar with me, and therefore make me remember them easily (though the others may find them even more complicated than the origi nals). However, not all the skills do I learn these ways. For instance, learning to improve the four macro skills listening, reading, speaking, and writing, I have only one key word, practice. The more I practice these skills, the more I learn. To practice the skills, I also try to relate them to my hobby. For example, I like watching cartoons, so I always take this hobby to improve my listening skill. I watch mostly hilarious cartoons dubbed in English, which helps me not only relax but also improve the listening skill subconsciously. I also like reading novels, and short stories in English, especially the detective ones, and that helps me improve my reading skill. For speaking skill, I always try to practice speaking whenever possible. I always take opportunity to speak English to my friends, in particular Luy Vannda (Joe), who always reminds me to use English instead of Khmer when making a conversation. To improve writing skills, I just simply try hard to finish assignment or journals a ssigned by the lecturers. I do not seem to care much about finding other activities to improve this skill, but I always put much effort on writing each pieces. To me, trying to get things done like this helps me improve my writing skill a lot. In short, I called myself assimilator, for I learn most by observing, thinking critically, and forming my own ways of understanding things. I like to synthesize various ideas and observation into an integrated whole before I actually start doing things myself. I try to find logical and precise ways or theories to understand things. If I cannot find one, I am more unlikely to understand the lesson. Nevertheless, I do not apply this learning style to all types of learning skills. For some skills, like the four macro skills, I simply try to practice them as much as possible.

Violence and Sexuality in Video Games Essay -- Video Games

Violence and Sexuality in Video Games Unlike popular belief, the first violent video game was not Mortal Kombat. The killing started with a game called Death Race 2000 released in 1976 by Exidy Software. It was based on a B movie by the same title and features the main theme of the movie in the game: to run people over. You control the car to run over people, and the people you have killed become a cross. Needless to say, the game was quick to draw attentions towards it. The criticism from Americans all over the nation eventually got the game pulled off the market. One would think that the game must have been pretty intense and gruesome if it attracted such a response. Nope†¦not a bit†¦in fact, this is how the game looks: Things stay quiet until the 1980’s in which the Atari 2600 debuts. Out of the flood of titles being produced, someone decided that sex sells, even in videogames (geez†¦what a concept†¦). So a company by Mystique released Custer’s Revenge. The game had the player control a man named General George Custer going after a Native American maiden named Revenge, hence the title, Custer’s Revenge. Unfortunately, this game did not involve anyone saving a Native American princess; instead, the player has to control Custer and help him cross the playing field safely, while dodging cactus and arrows from Native Americans. Awaiting Custer on the other side of the field is Revenge, and the reward was that Custer gets to have sex with Revenge, on the screen, depicted by a group of flesh colored pixels (as shown on the left). The game received heat from women’s advocate groups and the Native American communities. Custer’s Revenge was so bad that many retailers refused to car... ...t that a 9 or 10 year old can have easy access to games such as Grand Theft Auto is just scary. I found option number 3 to be too extreme. Regulations are necessary, but option 3 would leave companies very restricted in terms of creativity and set a sense of fear in the game developers. Also, option 3 will impede one’s right to purchase the game one wants, without the eyes of big brother watching. Overall, option 2 is the most balanced, it deals with the weakest part of the rating system, and that is the enforcement of the ratings. Most retails now do not enforce the ESRB’s rating system; almost anyone can buy whatever game they want without fail. With option 2, the retailers are now more responsible than before in watching what their customers buy. This way, we can keep Mature games out of the hands of young children, yet adults can buy them if they wish to. Violence and Sexuality in Video Games Essay -- Video Games Violence and Sexuality in Video Games Unlike popular belief, the first violent video game was not Mortal Kombat. The killing started with a game called Death Race 2000 released in 1976 by Exidy Software. It was based on a B movie by the same title and features the main theme of the movie in the game: to run people over. You control the car to run over people, and the people you have killed become a cross. Needless to say, the game was quick to draw attentions towards it. The criticism from Americans all over the nation eventually got the game pulled off the market. One would think that the game must have been pretty intense and gruesome if it attracted such a response. Nope†¦not a bit†¦in fact, this is how the game looks: Things stay quiet until the 1980’s in which the Atari 2600 debuts. Out of the flood of titles being produced, someone decided that sex sells, even in videogames (geez†¦what a concept†¦). So a company by Mystique released Custer’s Revenge. The game had the player control a man named General George Custer going after a Native American maiden named Revenge, hence the title, Custer’s Revenge. Unfortunately, this game did not involve anyone saving a Native American princess; instead, the player has to control Custer and help him cross the playing field safely, while dodging cactus and arrows from Native Americans. Awaiting Custer on the other side of the field is Revenge, and the reward was that Custer gets to have sex with Revenge, on the screen, depicted by a group of flesh colored pixels (as shown on the left). The game received heat from women’s advocate groups and the Native American communities. Custer’s Revenge was so bad that many retailers refused to car... ...t that a 9 or 10 year old can have easy access to games such as Grand Theft Auto is just scary. I found option number 3 to be too extreme. Regulations are necessary, but option 3 would leave companies very restricted in terms of creativity and set a sense of fear in the game developers. Also, option 3 will impede one’s right to purchase the game one wants, without the eyes of big brother watching. Overall, option 2 is the most balanced, it deals with the weakest part of the rating system, and that is the enforcement of the ratings. Most retails now do not enforce the ESRB’s rating system; almost anyone can buy whatever game they want without fail. With option 2, the retailers are now more responsible than before in watching what their customers buy. This way, we can keep Mature games out of the hands of young children, yet adults can buy them if they wish to.